![]() It is the longest in the country, flowing across Guatemala from the western Highlands to the Caribbean Sea in the east. In terms of rivers, the most prominent one is the Motagua River. Lake Atitlán, on the other hand, nestled in the Highlands, is famous for its depth and the surrounding volcanoes, which give it a distinct scenic value. Lake Izabal, located near the Caribbean coast, is the largest lake in the country. Guatemala's two primary bodies of water are Lake Izabal and Lake Atitlán. This region is also home to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Central America. It features low, flat, and dense tropical rainforest terrain, much of which remains undeveloped. The Petén region, covering the northern third of Guatemala, contrasts significantly with the Highlands and the Pacific Coast. The main crops grown in this area are sugarcane, cotton, coffee, and various fruits. Here, the terrain mainly consists of fertile soil, the result of centuries of volcanic activity, making it an agriculturally rich region. The Pacific Coast lies south of the Highlands, a narrow lowland strip that stretches along the country's southern boundary. The Highlands also include many of Guatemala's most significant population centers, such as the capital city, Guatemala City, and Quetzaltenango, the country's second-largest city. This region contains the country's highest peak, Volcán Tajumulco, which reaches an elevation of 13,789 feet (4,203 meters). The Highlands, home to the Sierra Madre mountain range, extends across the western and central parts of Guatemala. The country's geography is divisible into three distinct regions: the Highlands, the Pacific Coast, and the Petén region. The country extends over a total area of approximately 42,042 square miles (108,889 square kilometers). To the south, it also borders the Pacific Ocean, while the eastern part of the country lies near the Caribbean Sea. Guatemala, officially known as the Republic of Guatemala, shares its borders with four countries: Mexico to the north and west, Belize to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast.
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